UVI-Many animals that changed her life as part of the mechanism. As a caterpillar becomes a butterfly and tadpole into a frog. If we do not understand it, maybe we never thought that it was the same creature in two different forms.
But not so happens to Mesodinium chamaeleon. This single-celled organism is a mixture of animals and plants.
M. chamaeleon is a cilia, or single-celled animal that has thousands of "hair" small. This species is found by Ojvind Moestrup of University of Copenhagen in the Gulf Niva, Denmark along with his team. Other examples have been found since there are Finnish and Rhode Island Coast.
Cilia use the hair to move quickly in water. Most cilia get their food by eating other organisms, rather than by synthesizing nutrients themselves. This marks them are like animals.
Several different species Mesodinium, ie cryptomonads, which ingest other microorganisms, which generally algae. Two forms are inter-species cooperation, algae produce sugars by photosynthesis, while Mesodinium protect them and bring them to move.
This hybrid is an organism of animals and plants simultaneously. One such species Mesodinium rubrum, only eat red algae and is often found in the form of algae blooms that make up the formation of red tides (red wave).
These hybrids are difficult to classify. "Unveiling the difference between plants and animals completely collapse (at Mesodinium)," said Øjvind Moestrup, a biologist from Denmark.
According Moestrup many microorganisms that may be the animals and plants together, or change into one of them, as occurs in M. rubrum.
But M. chamaeleon this makes it increasingly collapsed bulkhead. Since this is a genuine blend of animals with plant hybrids.
M. chamaeleon take a cell of algae, such as M. rubrum. But they did not save them permanently. Also do not digest quickly, such as hungry animals or organisms.
In contrast, the cells remained intact for several weeks before it becomes damaged, as long as they continue to produce sugar by photosynthesis. M. chamaeleon also change color depending on whether the red or green algae have it, or both. Because of that ability is called chamaeleon Mesodinium or chameleon.
"It's very unusual," said Moestrup. Mesodinium other species are better at maintaining cells taken according to age or ingest them with immediately.
Endosymbiosis is a mention of the ability to take in another cell algae and put them to work. And this is one of the most important discoveries in the history of life.
About 2 billion years ago, a single ingestion of a bacterial cell and use it as an energy source. "Descendants" bacteria that eventually became mitochondria and binding complete cells, including humans. Without endosymbiosis, there will be no multi-cell life.
Although the first endosymbiosis may be a fortune, but now the process seems to be commonplace, at least among single-celled organism that is more complex. "It happens regularly," said Moestrup.
M. chamaeleon may offer an idea of how the endosymbiosis developed. The organism is still running with ease of consuming other cells to maintain their lives with himself. | Newscientist
Monday, 16 January 2012
Friday, 30 December 2011
China Going To The Moon
UVI-Progress China's space technology has not be underestimated. Various coloring China's efforts towards the success of space. In the next five years, China concentrations in humans to the moon landing.
China's plan is revealed in "white paper" issued by the Chinese government once every five years. In the white paper, China revealed several target achievement in the field of space in the next five years.
As reported by Forbes, Friday, December 30, 2011, there are three major focus of China's space.
The first focus is to make more laboratory space and astronaut flight. The success of China's biggest this year is to merge the two modules in earth orbit space, ie laboratory and Tiangong-1 spacecraft Shenzhou 8.
Both of these modules is the starting point of China in making their own space station. In the next five years, China will more often send astronauts into space this laboratory. To that end, China must first improve the technology and means of supporting the lives of astronauts in orbit.
China's second target is to improve the system performance of the space shuttle rocket launcher. China is currently developing a new generation rocket system of the Long March-5. This type of rocket exhaust gases is claimed does not remove toxic and does not create pollution, and able to fly a load of up to 25 tons into Earth orbit or 14 tons into GEO orbit.
In addition to the Long March-5, China also is developing a rocket Long March 6 and 7. The second rocket is a rocket high-speed response that used to fly up to orbit the sun. To support this technology, China has almost completed the launch terminal in Hainan. This location was chosen because it is closest to the earth's equator, shortening the distance to the orbit.
The third target is the target of the most ambitious of China, namely planetary exploration technology improves and becomes the second country in the world to land astronauts on the moon, after the United States. Besides the moon, China too will do the exploration of Mars, asteroids and the sun.
No kidding, in the realization of this target, China has launched two spacecraft orbiting the Earth in 2007 and 2010. The next stage, China will send nirawak vehicle to the moon to take soil samples and air, then back again to earth. All this is done China as preparation before sending humans to the moon.
• VIVAnews
China's plan is revealed in "white paper" issued by the Chinese government once every five years. In the white paper, China revealed several target achievement in the field of space in the next five years.
As reported by Forbes, Friday, December 30, 2011, there are three major focus of China's space.
The first focus is to make more laboratory space and astronaut flight. The success of China's biggest this year is to merge the two modules in earth orbit space, ie laboratory and Tiangong-1 spacecraft Shenzhou 8.
Both of these modules is the starting point of China in making their own space station. In the next five years, China will more often send astronauts into space this laboratory. To that end, China must first improve the technology and means of supporting the lives of astronauts in orbit.
China's second target is to improve the system performance of the space shuttle rocket launcher. China is currently developing a new generation rocket system of the Long March-5. This type of rocket exhaust gases is claimed does not remove toxic and does not create pollution, and able to fly a load of up to 25 tons into Earth orbit or 14 tons into GEO orbit.
In addition to the Long March-5, China also is developing a rocket Long March 6 and 7. The second rocket is a rocket high-speed response that used to fly up to orbit the sun. To support this technology, China has almost completed the launch terminal in Hainan. This location was chosen because it is closest to the earth's equator, shortening the distance to the orbit.
The third target is the target of the most ambitious of China, namely planetary exploration technology improves and becomes the second country in the world to land astronauts on the moon, after the United States. Besides the moon, China too will do the exploration of Mars, asteroids and the sun.
No kidding, in the realization of this target, China has launched two spacecraft orbiting the Earth in 2007 and 2010. The next stage, China will send nirawak vehicle to the moon to take soil samples and air, then back again to earth. All this is done China as preparation before sending humans to the moon.
• VIVAnews
Friday, 4 November 2011
Thousands of meteors hit the Earth in 2012
Space agency NASA and its predicts his dangers of space junk falling to Earth due to stacked satellite or other objects that are not used in the sky will occur in 2012, the year it will most likely be more and more garbage from the sky into the Earth .
Thomas Djamaluddin, Chief Utilization Center for Atmospheric and Climate Science Lapan said, "At that time, the Earth's atmosphere will become more dense due to the influence of solar irradiation on the current activity cycle peaked. With increasingly dense, there are barriers to the satellite in motion. Speed becomes lower and eventually lose gravity and height so it will easily fall. "
He continued with another statement, it could be in the estimate in 2012 of space junk that will fall to the earth increases in intensity, in the estimate will occur rain every day waste from unused objects in space. It was beyond the normal condition that usually only an average of two satellites or pieces falling per week. The amount of space junk could reach 13,000 in size more than 1 centimeter.
But he told people not to panic, according to his chances of space junk to the people or objects that people have very little. He added, "Overall, it's wide earth. The majority like the ocean, desert, and uninhabited forest. Thus, small chances, "Well, though not great odds on man but still it needs to be aware, it might be something like a meteor crashed in Jakarta yesterday repeated in rainfall and waste of this space, because the possibility of going there alone.
He also gave examples, such as Indonesia alone in the sky a broken satellite that is above the heavens Indonesia have the same opportunities to be falling in Indonesia or Saudi Arabia in the distance range, which is 1,000 kilometers. According to him its incidence fell from the sky objects that can not be predicted to fall at any location, because the meteors fell even NASA can not predict it. "Hence, it is difficult to predict which will fall in," he said.
For a real example of this we can look to several years ago precisely in 2003 in which the time of the peak of solar activity, at that time in Indonesia rained debris from space. The object had crashed to earth and touched the ground, as in Bengkulu with a size of 80 x 120 cm. Satellite Berposax also briefly flashed in Indonesia in May 2003. Fractions of the largest, human-sized, ie residual Soyus and Cosmos rocket occurred in March 1981 in Bengkulu.
Waw is pretty much going on in Indonesia well, even according to the info from Sri Kaloka, Head of Space Science Utilization Center, there are no reported incidents of cattle, gas stations hit by objects from space are but not in Indonesia.
Although the precise fitting opportunity to fall in residential population on earth can say little but still, it is necessary to be aware of, let's hope the scientists in the world could find a way to forecast the peak rainfall from space junk in 2012 did not happen and if anything happens do not to fall on the populated settlements, please just was falling in the ocean or desert. (Compass)
Thomas Djamaluddin, Chief Utilization Center for Atmospheric and Climate Science Lapan said, "At that time, the Earth's atmosphere will become more dense due to the influence of solar irradiation on the current activity cycle peaked. With increasingly dense, there are barriers to the satellite in motion. Speed becomes lower and eventually lose gravity and height so it will easily fall. "
He continued with another statement, it could be in the estimate in 2012 of space junk that will fall to the earth increases in intensity, in the estimate will occur rain every day waste from unused objects in space. It was beyond the normal condition that usually only an average of two satellites or pieces falling per week. The amount of space junk could reach 13,000 in size more than 1 centimeter.
But he told people not to panic, according to his chances of space junk to the people or objects that people have very little. He added, "Overall, it's wide earth. The majority like the ocean, desert, and uninhabited forest. Thus, small chances, "Well, though not great odds on man but still it needs to be aware, it might be something like a meteor crashed in Jakarta yesterday repeated in rainfall and waste of this space, because the possibility of going there alone.
He also gave examples, such as Indonesia alone in the sky a broken satellite that is above the heavens Indonesia have the same opportunities to be falling in Indonesia or Saudi Arabia in the distance range, which is 1,000 kilometers. According to him its incidence fell from the sky objects that can not be predicted to fall at any location, because the meteors fell even NASA can not predict it. "Hence, it is difficult to predict which will fall in," he said.
For a real example of this we can look to several years ago precisely in 2003 in which the time of the peak of solar activity, at that time in Indonesia rained debris from space. The object had crashed to earth and touched the ground, as in Bengkulu with a size of 80 x 120 cm. Satellite Berposax also briefly flashed in Indonesia in May 2003. Fractions of the largest, human-sized, ie residual Soyus and Cosmos rocket occurred in March 1981 in Bengkulu.
Waw is pretty much going on in Indonesia well, even according to the info from Sri Kaloka, Head of Space Science Utilization Center, there are no reported incidents of cattle, gas stations hit by objects from space are but not in Indonesia.
Although the precise fitting opportunity to fall in residential population on earth can say little but still, it is necessary to be aware of, let's hope the scientists in the world could find a way to forecast the peak rainfall from space junk in 2012 did not happen and if anything happens do not to fall on the populated settlements, please just was falling in the ocean or desert. (Compass)
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